The Theory of Rights in Islam

When tracing the propositions contained in the Qur'an or al-Hadith, copyright issues don't have evidence or explicit Foundation of nash. This is because the idea of recognition of copyright itself is a new issue that has not been known before. Nevertheless, implicitly, the protection of copyright in Islamic law. This is because the concept of rights itself in the perspective of Islamic law, not raw and thrive in a flexible and permanent implementation would depend on the circumstances.

Review the issue of copyright in review islam, the writer will begin by discussing the views of Islam itself. The rights of (al-haqq) etymologically means belonging; statutes and certainty. According to terminology, there are several notions of Rights expressed the scholars of fiqh. Some of the scholars mutaakhkhirin (later generations) the right is a law that has been set by syara. Sheikh al-Khafifi (the fiqh scholars Egypt) perceive it as a benefit obtained by syara. az-Zarqa Mustafa Ahmad (fiqh scholars by Syria Jordan) defined it as a specificity that it established a power. syara Shorter again, Ibn Nujaim (d. 771 1563 M/H) expert fiqh Hanafi Madhhab defined it as a specificity that is protected.

Teungku Muhammad Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy shared a sense of entitlement to two sections, namely the notion of specific and General. The rights are specifically defined as a set of rules and nash set the basics which must be obeyed in respect to our fellow human beings, both regarding individual (person), nor about wealth power mastering something or something which is obligatory for a person over the other. While haq according to Gus Zarqa 'perspective: ' Specificities recognized by Islamic jurisprudence, be it in the form of authority or the imposition of freedom. '

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(UMKM) Micro Small Medium Enterprises

Investment happened is currently very memerkukan assorted rather to be accompanied by agreement among several parties in a procedure investment, especially for micro small medium enterprises (UMKM ) and koperasi because prekonomian process can support people according to purpose of the nation.

Production wrought by all for all helpdown pimpinan or penilikan members of society. Prosperity masyarakatlah which included not orang-seorang prosperity. Therefore economy composed as a mutual effort based on the principle of family. Up according to company were cooperative. Economy based on economic democracy prosperity for everyone.

The purpose of KPPMD is to achieve performance of synergy in the implementation of capital investment, particularly in terms of identifying and compiling the program activities as well as solving issues related to capital investment.

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ISLAM

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The word Islam, wich is derived from arabic, means to accept, to follow and to obey. In other words, Islam is following Allah, the master. Allah is our Creator and the Master. Our succes in life relies fully on following the master.

Therefor, we must all obey His commads, either in words or in deeds. But ALLAH has let us be free to obey or not to obey Him. Life is like a test.

The successful test laker is one who obeys Allah. In other words, the real succes in this life and the life after death is in obeying Allah. True peace also lies only in following Allah. The word Islam also means peace. Therefore, Islam means both obedience to Allah and peace. Islam seeks peace thourght obidience to Allah, the creator and the Master. Islam is a religion from Allah which leads its followers to gain true peace.

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The Demonstration

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Demonstration upon labor payment standart has increased lately. There are severval reasons why labors held the action. One of the reasons is about the idea of social class, working class or middle class.

In the past, the working class that is those who do manual work tended to be paid less than middle class people, such as doctors and engineers. As the result of this matter and of the fact that worker’s jobs were generally far less secure, distinct differences in life style and anttitudes came into existence.

No matter how do working class or middle class people view their welfare, there seems to be less differences found now than in provious generation.

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The Perspective of consumers

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Understanding consumers consumers from term foreign, english consumer and dutch consument, literally defined as ' the people or companies buying goods' or ' someone who uses a supplies or affair a number.

These also define ' everyone who uses goods or work'. Of sense above seen that there are distinction between consumers as a corporation or body corporate. Differencing is important to distinguishing whether consumers they use of the good for itself or for commercial purposes ( sold, produced again ). In the legislations in indonesia term ' consumers' as definition juridical formal found on act no 08 year 1999 on consumer protection ( uupk )

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The Business Activities In The Field Of Freight Transportation

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Transport as a business is the business activities in the field of freight transportation by means of tools that use mechanical transport. Tool carrier mechanics for example is a hopper for transporting goods, trains for transporting the passenger, trucks for hauling freight, buses for transporting goods, and passenger ships to transport passengers.

The business activities of the company are always individual, Association, or other legal entity. Because running the freight business, the company aims to earn profits and/or profit. Every company engaged in the freight business must obtain permission from the Government in accordance with the freight services running. Company field of freight hauling companies often referred to.

Company business activities include transportation services: a. Transportation by train b. carriage of motor vehicles with public Transportation c. with naval ships, boats and ships crossing the river. d. Transport by airplane

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The UNDERSTANDING Copyright

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UNDERSTANDING Copyright (article 2 of law No. 12 of 1997) Copyright is a right for the creator or the recipient the right to announce the creation or reproduce and give permission for it to not reduce limitations according to the applicable laws and regulations.

The sense of article 1, this shows the 1997 UUHC influence of adherents of Natural right theory in understanding the copyright. The formulation of the notion of copyright in UUHC 1997 it self does not expressly provide a basic understanding of legal philosophy behind formulation of his understanding. In Natural right theory, there are two approaches: the first Approach in respect of copyright is based on business results (labor set in by the followers of John Locke/Lockean) and personality (personality set in by followers of Hegel's notion of the entitlement/Hegelian). Can be referred to as a venture approach and personality.

The second approach is a state policy, namely the copyright as a State policy to achieve the objectives that have been determined (such as increased creativity, the development of useful arts, build the market for fruit that is well thought of man and each other).

WARWICK, SHELLY dalam “Is Copyright  Ethical? An Examination of the Theories, Laws, and Practices Regarding the Private Ownership of Intellectual Work in the United States”. Reably Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Ethics and Technology Conference, Boston College, June 4-5 1999

Reably “WIPO: About Intellectual Property”

Copyright and Related Rights: Copyright is a legal term describing rights given to creators for their literary and artistic works (including computer software). Related rights are granted to performing artists, producers of sound recordings and broadcasting organizations in their radio and television programmes.

compehered copy right by Black’s Law Dictionary:

One who produces  by his own intellectual labor applied to the materials of his composition, an arrangement or compilation new in itself….

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The Meaning of Tax

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Tax is premium the people to state treasury based on act ( which can imposed ) without breach or got services lead ( kontraprestasi ) which directly can be shown and used to pay expenditure common. Can be concluded that tax having elements:

1. Premium of the people to the state.
2. Based on act
3. Without merit lead or kontraprestasi
4. To finance household countries.

Function tax there are two functions tax

1. Function budgetair
2. Regulered whose theories support tax collection.

• Theories one of the is:

1. Theory insurance
2. Theory interests
3. Theory resources bore. To measure power picul can be used 2 approach. a.unsur objective b.unsur subjective
4. Theory the principle of purchasing power tax laws materially and formil tax laws governing relations between the government ( fiscus ) as tax collector with the people as taxpayer.

There are two sorts of tax laws which are: 1.Tax law materyl 2.Tax Law formyl.

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Insider Trading

"Insider trading" is a term that most investors have heard and usually associate with illegal conduct. But the term actually includes both legal and illegal conduct. The legal version is when corporate insiders officers, directors, and employees buy and sell stock in their own companies. When corporate insiders trade in their own securities, they must report their trades to the SEC.

Illegal insider trading refers generally to buying or selling a security, in breach of a fiduciary duty or other relationship of trust and confidence, while in possession of material, nonpublic information about the security. Insider trading violations may also include "tipping" such information, securities trading by the person "tipped," and securities trading by those who misappropriate such information.

Rif'atul Machmudah (11220027)

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Painting The Tape

Painting the tape is the illegal practice of making a sale for the explicit purpose of changing the stock price.  A fund manager might, for example, buy 100 shares of a stock at an unusually high price right before the market closes at the end of the month.  Then he can report that his entire long position in that stock is worth that price.  Brokers have even more control over the tape.  If they have two orders they can buy the stock from one customer at one price then immediately sell it to another customer at a different price.

This practice works because traditional analysis gives so much weight to some prints while ignoring others.  Most analysis gives a very high weighting to the last print before the close.  This value can be manipulated, especially in low volume stocks and stocks with large spreads.

We use statistical analysis to avoid this problem.  When we see one small print which does not correspond to the general trend, we throw that point away.  This applies to explicit manipulation, like painting the tape, and to legitimate random noise in the market.

Although someone can request alerts based on the close price, this is the exception.  Most of our alerts do not give strong weighting to any one price, and they do not act differently when the market closes.  If there is a lot of volume after the market closes, we will continue to update the alerts.  Additionally the user can filter the alerts to remove stocks trading on low volume or with large spreads.  This allows the user to ignore stocks which are easily manipulated.

Rif'atul Machmudah (11220027)

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