Sabtu, 21 Desember 2013

Insurance Concepts in Islamic Economics Review




According to Mustafa Ahmad Zarqa, the meaning of insurance is occurrence. Meanwhile, according to the term insurance is a way or method to human save in avoiding the risk (threat of) a variety of hazards that would occurred in his life, in the course of his life or activities in economic activity.[1]
Majis National Islamic Council of Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI) in his fatwa on the general guidelines asuransi. Asuransi Syariah (ta'min, Takaful, Tadhamun) according to the DSN-MUI is keep mutual effort and mutual help among a number of persons or parties through investment in assets and or tabarru 'which gives the pattern of return to face a particular risk through the contract (engagement) in accordance with syariah.[2]
From the above definition it appears that Islamic insurance is helping each other and keep called ta'awun. Therefore, Islamic insurance premium is paid by the fund participants consisting of savings accounts and tabarru '. Funds are deposited savings of audience Islamic insurance (life insurance) and will be allocated for the result. (Al-mudhorobah) of net investment income earned each year. While tabarru 'is a charity fund given by the participants willingnes insurance and if at any time will be used to pay claims or insurance benefits.
Actually, the concept of Islamic insurance has existed since the time of the Prophet called Aqilah. Even according to Patrick Thmas in his Dictionary of Islam, it has become a habit since the ancient Arab tribe that if any one of the family of the slain victim will be paid accounted heir of blood money (diyat) as compensation. Next of kin of the killer called Aqilah, must pay blood money on behalf of the killer.[3]
Another term that is often used for Takaful Islamic insurance is. Said takafu taste of takafalla-yatakafau, which etymologically means guarantee or bear one another.[4]
In the Quran, Allah commanded His servants to continue to make preparations to face tomorrow, because it's a lot of people are trying to prepare by saving or insured.


By : Eny Wulansari


[1] M. Syakir Sula, Asuransi Syariah (Life and General).  2004. (Jakarta: Gema Insani),hlm 29.
[2] Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No.21/DSN-MUI/X/2001 Tentang Pedoman Asuransi Syariah.
[3] M. Syakir Sula, Asuransi Syariah (Life and General).  2004. (Jakarta: Gema Insani), hlm. 31
[4] Sula, Life and General,hlm 32

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