Capital (capital ) goods containing anti produced by natural or man-made ,
which is required not to satisfy human wants directly but to help produce other
goods which in turn will be able to meet human needs directly and generate a
profit . Physically, there are two types of capital is fixed capital ( fixed
capital ) and circulating capital ( circulating capital ) . Fixed capital such
example buildings , machinery or plant factories, automobiles , etc. , ie
objects when benefits are captured , the existence of the substance is not
reduced . As for the circulating capital such as raw materials , money , and
other objects that are when benefits are captured , the substance is also
missing .
Differences both in sharia can be seen as follows . Fixed capital in
general can be rented but can not loaned ( qardh ) . While the circulation of
capital that can be loaned consumptive ( qardh ) but can not be rented out .
That's because in the Islamic ijara can only be made to the objects that have
the characteristics of the substance can be enjoyed separately or all at once .
When a leased goods , the goods are separated from the benefit of the owner .
He is now enjoyed by the tenant , but tenure remains the owner. When the lease
period is over , it should be returned to their owners in one piece as usual .
Money does not have such properties . When someone uses the money , then the money was gone and
lost . When he used the money from the loan , then he bears a debt of the
amount used and must return the same number ( mitsl ) rather than of substance
( a'in ) . And it is obvious that the above description is included in the
capital goods such as vehicles , cars , buildings , boats and other fixed
categories of return on capital in the form of wages if the leasing transaction
used is ijara ( lease ) . In addition , capital goods can also get a return on
capital in the form of parts and earnings ( profit ) if the transaction that is
used is based on the principles Musharaka " A good that can be rented out
, the items can be done Musharaka it . " This has been done by the Muslims
from time immemorial , for example in muzara'ah transaction . In this contract
the owner of the land menyedia . right of land to be cultivated by growers (
sharecroppers ) . Profits generated by the business is divided into two
according to the agreement , for example, 50 % -50 % .
Different from the fixed capital , circulating capital ( in this case money
) will not get a return on capital in the form of wages as in ijara lease .
Because the money in Islam is not a commodity that can be leased or sold to
excess . He needed only as a medium of exchange . But he has a return on
capital when it is developed in the form of contract mudharobah . He also
loaned ( qardh ) but is not allowed to exceed the return of principal . Excess
thus fall into the category of riba .
BAHRUL ILMI N. 11220098
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