ISLAM AND ISLAMIC BANKING
Banking is an institution that is implementing the three main functions of
receiving deposits of money, lending money, and money transfer services. In the
economic history of the Muslims. The functions of the bank has been known since
the time of Prophet Muhammad, these functions are entrusted property receives,
lends money for consumption purposes and business purposes, as well as
transferring money.
Rasulullah Muhammad is known epithet al Amin, believed by the Meccans
accept deposits treasure, so at the last moment before the Apostle emigrated to
Medina, he asked Sayyidina Ali ra to restore all the surrogate was to have it.
in this concept, which can not utilize the treasures entrusted the deposit.
A friend of the Rasulullah bin al
Zubair Awwam, choose not to accept deposits treasure. He would rather receive
it in the form of loans. Zubair action is different implications: first, by
taking the money as a loan, he has the right to use it, secondly, because of
the loan, then he is obliged to return it intact.
Other companions, Ibn Abbas recorded transferring money to Kufa. Also
listed in Makkah Abdullah bin Zubair also sending money to his brother Misab
bin Zubair who lived in Iraq.
The use of checks has also been widely recognized in line with the increase
in trade between countries Sham with Yemen, which take place at least twice a
year. Even in the time of Umar bin Khattab ra, he uses a check untukmembayar
benefits to those who qualify. With this check then they took wheat in Baitul
Mal that when it imported from Mesir.
Providing capital for
working capital based on the results, such as mudaraba, Musharaka, muzara ah,
musaqah, has been known since the beginning between the immigrants and the
Ansar.
It is clear that there are individuals who have carried out banking
functions in the time of Prophet Muhammad, even though the individual does not
perform all banking functions. There are executing functions accept deposits
treasure, there are friends who carry out the functions of borrowing money,
there are fulfilling the function of sending money, and some that provide
working capital.
Some modern banking term even come from the repertoire of the science of
jurisprudence, such as credit terms (English: credit; Romans: credo) is taken
from the term qard. Credit in English means lending money; creed means belief;
while qard in fiqh means to lend money on the basis of trust. Similarly, the
term check (English: the check; France: Cheques) drawn from the term SAQ
(suquq). Suquq in Arabic means the market, while the pay check is a tool
commonly used in the market.
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